Harimau Jawa terakhir diyakini ada di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri pada 1976. Dalam periode sama, International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) menaikkan status Harimau Jawa, dari “Sangat Rentan” (Critically Endangered) ke “Punah” (Extinct). Harimau Jawa menyusul Harimau Bali yang dinyatakan punah pada 1937
Namun, label itu tak menyurutkan penelusuran tanpa lelah dilakukan peneliti Peduli Karnivora Jawa (PKJ), Didik Raharyono. Dia memulainya tahun 1997 di Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur. Sejak itu, hidupnya ia abdikan dalam pencarian Harimau Jawa di berbagai pelosok Pulau Jawa.
Radar Cirebon pernah mengikuti ekspedisi bersama Didik di tahun 2010-2011. Untuk turut serta mengumpulkan bukti-bukti keberadaan simbah, sebutan masyarakat lokal pada Harimau Jawa.
Animal Planet bahkan pernah melakukan penelusuran serupa di acara Extinct or Alive pada tahun 2018. Sebuah upaya pencarian dengan peralatan canggih, yang di dalamnya juga melibatkan Didik.
Sepanjang 2017 hingga kini, peneliti yang tinggal di Kota Cirebon itu telah mengumpulkan banyak bukti. Sampel feces, bekas cakar di pohon, hingga potongan kulit dan spesimen lainnya. Namun, itu semua tidak dianggap sebagai penguat temuan bahwa Harimau Jawa masih ada.
Upaya swadaya juga ia lakukan dengan membentuk kesadaran masyarakat di sekitar hutan yang masih kerap berjumpa dengan simbah. Edukasi itu pun membuahkan hasil. Lewat jasa pemburu babi hutan, sebuah foto berhasil dia dapatkan.
Foto itu pun ditunjukkan kepada Radar Cirebon. Proses mendapatkannya pun tak mudah. Meski kerap berjumpa dengan Harimau Jawa, para pemburu babi hutan ini seringkali tidak berdaya mengabadikan dalam bentuk foto.
“Saya pernah meneliti merah di daerah itu. Di lokasi yang sama. Kata penduduk harimau sering lewat situ,” kata alumnus Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gajah Mada itu, merahasiakan lokasi yang dimaksud. Tujuannya tentu saja menghindari upaya perburuan.
Mengingat setelah status punah disematkan, Didik menemukan bukti satwa ini terus diburu. Bahkan spesimen kulit, taring dan kuku, dia dapatkan dari tubuh harimau yang dibunuh dalam rentang waktu 10 tahun terakhir.
Soal foto yang didapatkannya, Didik mendapatkan tahun 2018. Foto itu didapatkan oleh pemburu babi hutan secara tidak sengaja.
“Mereka lagi nyanggong babi hutan yang biasanya berkubang di aliran anak sungai yang sudah mulai mengering. Kejadiannya di sekitaran bulan September 2018,” tuturnya.
Kedua pemburu itu memanjat pohon yang telah dibuatkan palang kayu untuk duduk. Setelah beberapa jam menunggu, sekitar 15.30 WIB, mereka mendengar ada suara hewan yang berjalan menembus semak. Tetapi tidak seperti babi hutan.
“Krosak disemak lalu diam. Krosak lagi, diam lagi. Kalau babi hutan biasanya krosaknya langsung dari satu tempat. Nggak ada jeda berhenti. Lalu harimau itu keluar di tepi anak sungai yang masih ada sisa genangan tempat babi biasa berkubang,” beber Didik menceritakan proses pengambilan gambar.
Seketika itu, sang pemburu yang juga dirahasiakan identitasnya itu mengabadikan menggunakan kamera ponsel. Dan kemudian dikonsultasikan kepada Didik.
Bagaimana bisa yakin itu Harimau Jawa? Didik mengaku telah lama mengobservasi area hutan jati tersebut. Dan ada beberapa pemburu yang pernah dia datangi secara personal, mengaku pernah melihat si loreng sejak 2008-nan. “Harimau ini menetap di seputaran hutan jati itu,” katanya.
Nah, dari sejarah tersebut, dugaan kuat didik bahwa individu yang berhasil difoto adalah Harimau Jawa. Sebab ada demografi umur. Remaja lalu dewasa.Bahkan pemburu tersebut mengaku pernah menembak anakan harimau tahun 2012. Tetapi lokasinya sekitar 4-6 km dari posisi terlihatnya harimau yang difoto tersebut.
Didik yang meneliti dari 2008-2018 di lokasi itu mengestimasi, ada 5-11 individu Harimau Jawa. Sehingga dia memilih menutup rapat lokasi hutan jati yang dimaksud. “Pokoknya di Pulau Jawa, tapi bukan Jawa Barat,” tandasnya.
Kemudian Didik juga telah mendatangi lokasi, mencocokkan bentuk vegetasi, kondisi bebatuan, dan data-data yang mendukung bahwa foto tersebut bukan editan.
Atas temuan ini, Didik telah melaporkannya ke Ditjen Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Ekosistem (KSDAE) di Manggala Wanabakti Jakarta bulan Januari 2019.
Didik mengaku tak mencari pengakuan atas temuannya itu. Namun ia menekankan, bukti-bukti yang terus dikumpulkannya mengarah pada satu kesimpulan. Terlepas status punah atau tidak, perlindungan terhadap ekosistem adalah wajib. Sehingga apa pun yang hidup di dalamnya tetap terjaga. []
Penulis : Yuda Sanjaya
Sumber : Radar Cirebon
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